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Innovation in Practice: Seven Years Strong

Published date: December 22, 2014 в 1:48 pm

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This month marks the seven year anniversary of Innovation in Practice. As always, I want to thank my many readers and supporters who follow it.
2014 was an excellent year as our message about systematic creativity continues to be heard. Jacob Goldenberg and I launched our book, Inside the Box: A Proven System of Creativity for Breakthrough Results last year, and it was nominated for Innovation Book of the Year. We’re thrilled that the book is now published in fourteen languages. It is the first detailed description of Systematic Inventive Thinking (the method and the people at SIT LLC that taught it to me.)
Teaching, writing, and speaking continue to be my main focus. Professor Jim Tappel and I co-taught a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) at the University of Cincinnati called Innovation and Design Thinking. I’ve published more courses at Lynda.com on innovation, marketing, and branding. I continue to write articles on creativity for Psychology Today, Industry Week, and Coca-Cola Journey. Staying busy is a good thing.
My goal is to make this blog different from other innovation blogs and websites. Instead of focusing on why innovation is important, I focus on how innovation happens.  The themes of this blog are:

  • Innovation can be learned like any other skill such as marketing, leadership, or playing the guitar.  To be an innovator, learn a method.Teach it to others.
  • Innovation must be linked to strategy. Innovation for innovation’s sake doesn’t matter. Innovation that is guided by strategy or helps guide strategy yields the most opportunity for corporate growth.
  • Innovation is a two-way phenomena. We can start with a problem and innovate solutions. Or we can generate hypothetical solutions and explore problems that they solve. To be a great innovator, you need to be a two-way innovator.
  • The corporate perspective, where innovation is practiced day-to-day, is what must be understood and kept at the center of attention. This is where truth is separated from hype.

2015 will be an explosive year in terms of more keynotes, workshops, and training programs. I plan to collaborate with my various business partners and colleagues at the University on making SIT the dominant form of ideation. Since learning it in 2002, I’ve not found anything that surpasses it. Both Jacob and I are “open source” in terms of helping anyone who wants to learn or teach the method. Our slides, Syllabi, and training materials are available to all. Just ask.
I want to thank Jacob, as well as Amnon Levav, Yoni Stern, and the entire team at SIT LLC. I thank Marta Dapena-Baron at Big Picture Partners, Bob Cialdini and the team at Influence at Work, Yury Boshyk at Global Executive Learning, the Washington Speakers Bureau, the team at Lynda.com, Jim Levine, Emilie D’Agostino, Shelley Bamburger, the team at Innovation Excellence (Braden, Julie, Rowan), and my fellow faculty at the UC Lindner College of Business.
Special thanks to my family, Wendy and Ryan, for all their love and support.
 
Drew

Entrepreneurship Education Forum Webinar Series

Published date: December 15, 2014 в 3:00 am

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On December 3, 2014, the first session of the Entrepreneurship Educators Forum Webinar Series took place. The vision for the project is to create a meeting place for the community to discuss the challenges of teaching entrepreneurship, and to build an open-source platform that will enable us to collect, curate and share knowledge, teaching materials and tools that will help us guide our students effectively. Bill Aulet opened the session with a review of a roadmap for entrepreneurship education at MIT that divides the process into three main stages – nucleation, product definition and venture development.
According to the plan, entrepreneurship education should be structured as a set of modular “buckets” or “tiles” of knowledge, skills and tools that are grouped under the three above mentioned stages. Having identified four student personas with different interests, motivation and needs we are able to recommend a pathway of learning through the tiles that will best meet their aspirations. For example, a “ready to go” entrepreneur who has an idea and a strong team does not need to go through ideation and team-building activities, but needs to dive deeply into product-market fit and primary market research, and then also acquire the knowledge for “Venture Development”.
After discussing MIT’s overarching program, it was time to start our deep dive into the different topics. Each session, we plan to do that with one or two. The goal is to identify the thought leaders and experts in each area beforehand, so they can share their knowledge and initiate a discussion through the webinar series. In this first session, naturally, we started with ideation.
Here is a replay of the session.

Drew Boyd, a 30-year industry veteran who is now Executive Director of the MS-Marketing Program at the University of Cincinnati and co-author of the book “Inside the Box” joined us to present the Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT) approach to creativity. The methodology is based on academic research in creativity carried out by Prof. Jacob Goldenberg, Drew’s co-author.
The main pillars of the approach are five techniques that can be applied to existing products/services, to produce new forms that may become valuable inventions. In this case, it is “Function follows form” – we do not start by looking for a problem, but rather find a solution, then look for problems that it may help solve and assess the feasibility of actually developing it. The techniques are based on specific, common patterns that Prof. Goldenberg identified by studying innovative products. Moreover, his research showed these patterns to be quite reliable predictors of market success.
The basic notion is that systematically and intentionally applying the patterns as structured templates to existing products and services will produce a multitude of potential innovative products. The techniques are: Subtraction, Division, Multiplication, Task unification, and Attribute dependency. Drew provided a couple of examples for “task unification”: a barcode sticker for fruit that dissolves in water releasing a special fruit washing detergent, and a baby pacifier that is also a thermometer.
The webinar series is targeted at educators at universities with programs in the innovation, design, and entrepreneurship spaces.

Philips Selects Revolutionary Voice Recognition Software from VoiceItt as Winner of Annual Innovation Fellows Competition

Published date: December 8, 2014 в 3:00 am

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Philips North America announced VoiceItt, developer of the voice recognition software TalkItt, as the grand prize winner of the second annual Philips Innovation Fellows competition, in partnership with global web-based crowd funding site Indiegogo, recognizing the company and technology as the next meaningful innovation in health and well-being.
According to the National Institute of Health, approximately 7.5 million people in the United States alone have trouble using their own voices.  TalkItt empowers people with motor, speech or language disorders to easily communicate. By recognizing the user’s vocal patterns, the app will translate unintelligible pronunciation from any language into understandable speech via a smartphone, tablet or computer.
“We are honored that Philips and its employees – who strive to create meaningful innovations in the area of health and technology every day – have recognized our efforts to help people live more fulfilling lives,” said Jessica Eisenberg, Marketing Manager, VoiceItt. “Winning Philips Innovation Fellows will help us change the lives of individuals living with speech disabilities caused by medical conditions, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Cerebral Palsy, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as well as their family members, caregivers and friends, who communicate with them daily.”
VoiceItt, which was selected from among five finalists as the contest winner by Philips employees, will receive $60,000 in prize money, in addition to the $25,235 it raised through the contest’s presence on Indiegogo during the crowdsourcing phase of the competition. Along with the monetary prize, VoiceItt will receive mentoring from Philips executives and relevant business leaders.
“VoiceItt’s mission to give a voice to those who struggle to speak because of a medical condition embodies our vision for meaningful innovation,” said Brent Shafer, CEO of Philips North America. “The potential of TalkItt to improve so many lives resonated with our judging panel and our employees, and we’re honored to name them the winner of our second annual Innovation Fellows competition.”
Last year, Philips named Fosmo Med the grand prize winner of the inaugural Philips Innovation Fellows competition. Fosmo Med’s Maji Intravenous (IV) saline bag creates a sterile solution through reverse osmosis from any water, clean or dirty. The product has currently completed the R&D phase and request for determination has been submitted to the FDA. Once approved, Maji could be used for treating diseases, such as cholera, in disaster regions and developing countries worldwide.
Philips practices what it preaches. It is featured in Inside the Box: A Proven System of Creativity for Breakthrough Results for its use of the Subtraction Technique in creating the Slimline DVD player.
“The Philips Innovation Fellows competition has provided credibility for our cause, ultimately raising our profile among investors,” said Ben Park, CEO and founder of Fosmo Med. “After working closely with Philips executives, it became clear that we shared the same goal: creating technology that saves and improves lives. This competition equipped us with the resources needed to finish our R&D efforts and prepare for the FDA phase of the project, which will bring us one step closer to market.”

The Power of Patterns That Guide Our Thinking

Could creativity be as simple as following templates? In 1914 psychologist Wolfgang Köhler embarked on a series of studies about chimpanzees and their ability to solve problems. He documented the research in his book The Mentality of Apes. In one experiment, he took a newborn chimp and placed it in an isolated cage, before the newborn saw or made contact with other chimps. He named her Nueva.
Three days later, researchers placed a small stick in the cage. Curious, Nueva picked up the stick, scraped the ground, and played with it briefly. She lost interest and dropped the stick.
Ten minutes later, a bowl of fruit was placed outside of her cage, just out of Nueva’s reach. She reached out between the bars of the cage as far as she could, but to no avail. She tried and tried, whimpering and uttering cries of despair. Finally, she gave up and threw herself on her back, frustrated and despondent.
Seven minutes later, Nueva suddenly stopped moaning. She sat up and looked at the stick. She then grabbed it and, extending her arm outside of the cage, placed the end of the stick directly behind the bowl of fruit. She drew in the bowl just close enough to reach the fruit with her hand.
Köhler described her behavior as “unwaveringly purposeful.” Köhler repeated the test an hour later. On the second trial, Nueva went through the same cycle as before—displaying eagerness to reach the fruit, frustration when she couldn’t, and despair that caused her to give up temporarily—but took much less time to use the stick. On all subsequent tests, she didn’t get frustrated and didn’t hesitate. She just waited eagerly with her little innovation in hand.
Three-day-old Nueva created a tool using a time-honored creativity template, one of many used by primates—including man—for thousands of years. That template: use objects close by to solve problems. Once she saw the value in this approach, Nueva began using it over and over again.
Patterns play a vital role in our everyday lives. We call them habits, and, as the saying goes, we are indeed creatures of them. Habits simplify our lives by triggering familiar thoughts and actions in response to familiar information and situations. This is the way our brains process the world: by organizing it into recognizable patterns. These habits or patterns get us through the day—getting up, showering, eating breakfast, going to work. Because of them, we don’t have to spend as much effort the next time we encounter that same information or find ourselves in a similar situation.
Mostly, without even thinking about them, we apply patterns to our everyday conventions and routines. But certain patterns lead to unconventional and surprising outcomes. We especially remember those patterns that help us solve problems. Patterns that help us do something different are valuable. We don’t want to forget those, so we identify them and “codify” them into repeatable patterns called templates. You could say that a template is a pattern consciously used over and over to achieve results that are as new and unconventional as the first time you used it.
Even chimpanzees like baby Nueva can follow templates once they see the value. She used the stick to retrieve the fruit. Her template became “use objects close by for new tasks.” In fact, apes are quite good at this particular template; as Nueva did intuitively, they constantly use objects in their environment for unconventional ends. For example, they place sticks inside anthills so that ants crawl onto the stick for easy eating. Dr. Köhler’s research showed that apes not only find indirect, novel solutions but also overcome their habitual tendency to use direct approaches. They “repattern” their thinking. They generalize the pattern so that it becomes usable in a variety of scenarios.
Patterns boost our creative output no matter where we are starting from on the creativity scale.

Holiday Innovation: The SIT Patterns in Christmas Gifts

Published date: November 24, 2014 в 3:00 am

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‘Tis the season for catalogs, and my favorite is Hammacher Schlemmer, America’s longest running catalog, “Offering the Best, the Only and the Unexpected for 166 Years.” I was curious to see if I could spot any of the five patterns of the innovation method called Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT). With eighty seven pages of cool gifts in the catalog, it wasn’t hard at all. The hard part was deciding which ones to choose. Here are my favorites:
Faceless_watch1. SUBTRACTION: The Subtraction Technique works by removing a component, preferably an essential one, then working backwards to imagine what benefits are created by just the remaining components.

The Gentleman’s Faceless Watch (page 56)
This is the watch that tells time with LEDs built into the band. Blending seamlessly into the watch’s stainless steel links, the four disguised LED sets are only detected when they illuminate to form 1/2″ H digital numbers at the press of a button. The top row displays the hour and the lower row the minute; the press of a button switches the view to month and day. The stainless steel band features a durable electroplated finish. Includes two additional links.

Table tennis hands2. MULTIPLICATION: The Multiplication Technique works by taking a component of the system, copying it, but changing it in some qualitative way. Like Subtraction, you take this new configuration and imagine benefits that it could deliver.
The Table Tennis Hands (page 80)
These are the table tennis paddles that are worn like mittens, effectively turning your hand into a paddle. The mitt’s unconventional design eliminates the handle and spreads apart the front and back of the paddles, allowing your hand to slip between them. The paddle becomes a natural extension of your arm, resulting in greater ball control, faster volleys, an improved backhand, and more spin.
Call me gloves3. TASK UNIFICATION: The Task Unification Technique works by taking an existing component and assigning it an additional job (that of another component or some new task).
The Call Me Gloves (page 37)
These touchscreen winter gloves allow the wearer to wirelessly conduct cell phone calls by assuming the universal “call me” gesture. With a speaker inside the left thumb and a microphone inside the left pinkie, wearers simply hold the thumb to the ear and the pinkie to the mouth for convenient “two-digit” calling. The gloves pair wirelessly with a cell phone via Bluetooth technology and provide clear sound even 39’ from the phone. Buttons on the left cuff, easily maneuvered while wearing the right glove, answer or disconnect a call. To ensure users don’t have to choose between connectivity and warmth, conductive fibers woven into both thumbs and index fingers allow easy operation of a touchscreen while the gloves remain on.
Lego watch4. DIVISION: The Division Technique works by taking a component of the product or the product itself, then dividing it physically or functionally. You re-arrange the parts to seek new benefits.
The Customizable LEGO Timepiece (page 16)
This is the watch that incorporates the iconic universality of the LEGO system into its design using interchangeable bezels, straps, and multi-color links. The watch’s face pays homage to the classic building block with yellow and blue 2×2 brick façades that serve as subdials for displaying the day of the week and date. Red tick marks denote each hour and a yellow rim has an inscribed tachymeter for precise calculation of speed. The classic primary colors that have become synonymous with LEGO’s legacy are manifested in black, blue, and yellow bezel options and eight interchangeable red, yellow, blue, and green strap links.
Glasses5. ATTRIBUTE DEPENDENCY: The Attribute Dependency Technique works by creating (or breaking) a dependency between two attributes of the product or its environment. As one thing changes, another thing changes.
The Adjustable Focus Reading Glasses (page 9)
Unlike common reading glasses with one fixed magnification, this pair lets you adjust the focus of each lens with the simple turn of a dial. Using patented fluid-injection technology developed by a physicist at Oxford, the lenses comprise an elastic membrane held between rigid polycarbonate plates. As the dial on either side of the frame is turned, the elastic membrane bows inwards or outwards, subtly changing the magnification from -4.5 diopters to +3.5 diopters. Users can adjust each lens independently, and if their vision changes they can simply give the side dials another twist. The flexible nose pads ensure a comfortable fit, and the side knobs can be twisted off to lock in the magnification permanently.

Innovation Sighting: Attribute Dependency in Smart Apps

Published date: November 17, 2014 в 3:00 am

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Are online reviews going extinct?
From Yelp to Amazon, reviews these days are good for just one thing: Seeing what others think of a product, service, or business. But are reviews really helpful?  Could they be an outmoded one-size-fits-all solution in a world where a user’s interests are increasingly customized and niche-specific?  Are they going the way of the dinosaurs?
According to ‘HeyLets‘ CEO Justin Parfitt — an expert on how to use reviews to make good consumer decisions — the next generation of review sites and apps will more intelligently utilize your personal data and contextual preferences to make more thoughtful recommendations.
It’s a perfect example of the Attribute Dependency Technique, one of five in the innovation method called Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT). It’s a great tool to make products and services that are “smart.” They adjust and learn, then adapt their performance to suit the needs of the user. Attribute Dependency accounts for the majority of innovative products and services, according to research conducted by my co-author, Dr. Jacob Goldenberg.
HeyLets (www.heylets.com) helps you do the following:
1) Shows you a personalized feed of recommendations from users who have similar interests.
2) Uses your social data to inspire you to try new things across the full range of your interests.
Even more impressive, next-generation apps like HeyLets will soon learn over time how you live your life, and be able to do things like:

  • Anticipate your needs and propose activities for particular days by using information about past movements and even the weather forecast.
  • Automatically disregard reviews from people with distinctly different preferences (i.e. a vegan diner who posts a at a non-vegan restaurant).
  • Help you avoid less reliable reviews from “Debbie Downers” — people who only post critical updates and negative content.

To get the most out of the Attribute Dependency Technique, follow these steps:
1. List internal/external variables.
2. Pair variables (using a 2 x 2 matrix)

  • Internal/internal
  • Internal/external

3. Create (or break) a dependency between the variables.
4. Visualize the resulting virtual product.
5. Identify potential user needs.
6. Modify the product to improve it.

Teaching Creativity With a Story: A Lesson From Paul Smith

Published date: November 10, 2014 в 3:00 am

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Creativity is considered by many to be a rare, elusive gift only musicians or bohemian New York artists possess. And to be sure, some people are born with more than an average amount of it. But everyone has the capacity to be creative. Many of us simply don’t call on it very often. When you intentionally call on that capacity inside, really call for it, you’ll realize it can be summoned. That’s a lesson Michael Margolis learned at an early age.
Michael grew up in Lausanne, a city in western Switzerland perched on the north shore of Lake Geneva. He describes his father as “a mad scientist and inventor.” His mother, Leslie, was a teacher, artist, and toy designer. “So I never knew if my day was going to be an art project or a science experiment,” he muses. Importantly, Michael recalls climbing in the family station wagon on many weekends and driving around to rummage sales. “What everyone else was getting rid of, we would buy.” They referred to other people’s trash as “super-junk, because we would build things with it.” As a result, their basement was always well stocked with super-junk.
When Michael was six years old, he remembers his older brother David working on an art project at home with some clever material their mom had given him. And, as can happen between siblings, Michael got jealous. “Why does David always get the cool stuff? That’s not fair!” Most such squabbles were tame enough. But for whatever reason, this time Michael was hysterical over it. “I threw a complete tantrum. I was kicking and screaming and huffing and puffing.”
Mom quickly intervened. “Michael, Michael, take a breath, son. Just wait here. I’ll be right back.” She soon emerged from the basement with something in her hands. Michael was still upset and sniffling, so Mom had to work to get his attention.
“Michael, look here, son. Look at this. I have something for you.” And she handed him an old wooden box.
Michael didn’t know it at the time, but what she handed him was an old sewing box, part of her collection of super-junk. And it was no longer in any shape to serve as a sewing box. One of the covers was missing. It was badly chipped on another side. And the hinges were rusty. But she got him to at least look at it. He quickly noticed that this box didn’t open from the top like most boxes. It opened from the sides, with nested layers of trays that splayed out like a fishing tackle box the further you pulled them. And then she asked Michael the critical question. She said, “Michael, what do you see?”
Still sniffling and cranky, all Michael could come back with was, “I don’t know what you’re talking about, Mom. It’s just a box!”
Undaunted, Mom repeated slowly, “Michael, what do you see?”
So Michael calmed himself and finally took a good look at the box for a moment. And then another moment. And then finally, with a bolt of excitement and discovery, he shouted, “Oh, it’s a pirate ship!”
“Well done, Michael,” Mom said with a smile. “Now let’s go build it.”
And with that the two struck off to the basement for more supplies. They found some old empty shotgun shells that became cannons for the deck. An old wooden centipede toy held together with springs sacrificed its legs, each of which became a crew member on board the ship. Then Leslie dug into a cupboard full of old wedding gifts and mementos and  pulled out a set of doily napkins that had never seen use. When she presented them to Michael, he beamed, “Hey, you found sails!”
By the time they were done, it was a beautiful piece of art and a finely functioning pirate ship Michael is still proud of today.
Michael took away two lessons from that day. First, the joy of reinvention and reinterpretation: “How you can take things that are old and discarded and remake them in a new way.” And second, he learned to see possibilities where none readily appear, like seeing a pirate ship in an old sewing box.
For our purposes here, however, what’s important is the brilliant way Michael’s mother taught him to summon that creativity. She did it by asking him the simple question, “Michael, what do you see?” And she didn’t let up until he’d given her an answer. It wasn’t simply a question. It was an invitation to use his imagination.
If you want to summon creativity—in your young person or in yourself— try following Leslie Margolis’s lead. Look at your subject, and ask the question, “What do you see?”
(To our regular readers, you should recogize that last question to be the same as the Principle of Function Follows Form, a part of the SIT innovation method. Special thanks to Paul Smith for sharing this excerpt from his new book).
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Adapted from PARENTING WITH A STORY: Real-Life Lessons in Character for Parents and Children to Share by Paul Smith (AMACOM; November 2014; $16.00 Paperback; 978-0-8144-3357-7).
Paul Smith is a bestselling author who’s newest book, Parenting with a Story, documents 101 inspiring lessons like this one to help you, and your kids, build the kind of character anyone would be proud of. He’s a former director of consumer research and 20-year-veteran of The Procter & Gamble Company. Today he is a corporate trainer on leadership through storytelling based on his bestselling book Lead with a Story: A Guide to Crafting Business Narratives that Captivate, Convince, and Inspire. You can find Paul at www.leadwithastory.com and on Twitter as @LeadWithAStory.
 

Innovation Sighting: Task Unification in Kitchenware

Published date: October 27, 2014 в 3:00 am

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Many “wearable tech” devices measure the calories you burn in a day. But weight watchers know that’s only half the equation. You also need an accurate count of calories consumed. Now a new device will do just that. It’s called Vessyl, a cup that will not only identify and track what you drink and how much of it, but also sense the liquid type. It will transform how we consume every ounce of liquid throughout the day.
As reported by CNET:

“Caffeine and sugar amounts, alongside calorie count and a proprietary metric for hydration called Pryme, are tracked through an app on your phone, and bits of that information are also displayed on a screen embedded within the cup itself. The display glimmers to life only when new liquids are poured in to notify you that, yes, you are drinking coffee — and here’s how much caffeine that particular brew will put into your system. A small pillar of light also tells you how drinking that particular amount of that particular liquid will hurt or help your level of hydration as well.”

It’s a great example of the Task Unification Technique, one of five in the innovation method, Systematic Inventive Thinking. Task Unification works by assigning as additional task to an existing resource.

Let’s extend the concept and imagine putting the technology in other kitchenware such as plates, knives, forks, and spoons. For example, what if your plate was divided into sections for different types of food (meats, vegetables, and so on). The plate could weigh and detect the quantity and type of food to measure calories. Perhaps it could recommend optimal amounts of food based on calories burned during the day. Or imagine a fork that sticks in food and measures the fat and calorie content. Now you’d have a way to truly balance your intake and outtake to reach those elusive weight goals.
To get the most out of the Task Unification technique, you follow five basic steps:
1. List all of the components, both internal and external, that are part of the Closed World of the product, service, or process.
2. Select a component from the list. Assign it an additional task, using one of three methods:

  • Choose an external component and use it to perform a task that the product accomplishes already
  • Choose an internal component and make it do something new or extra
  • Choose an internal component and make it perform the function of an external component, effectively “stealing” the external component’s function

3. Visualize the new (or changed) products or services.
4. What are the potential benefits, markets, and values? Who would want this, and why would they find it valuable? If you are trying to solve a specific problem, how can it help address that particular challenge?
5. If you decide the new product or service is valuable, then ask: Is it feasible? Can you actually create these new products? Perform these new services? Why or why not? Is there any way to refine or adapt the idea to make it viable?

What China Must Do to Innovate

Published date: October 27, 2014 в 3:00 am

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Innovation is an essential ingredient to the growth and success of China’s economy. The use of methods such as Systematic Inventive Thinking will accelerate that growth. But where should China focus its innovation efforts? Professors George Yip and Bruce McKern make the case that China should focus on the following:

  • Cost innovation: Cost innovation occurs when changes in the product design, production or delivery process, technology or materials result in reduction in production or delivery costs. Using Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT), the Task Unification Technique tends to produce ideas that are resourceful and cost effective.
  • Process innovation: Process innovation occurs when a company creates a new process for producing or delivering an existing product or service. In China, much process innovation seeks to reduce the cost of production. For process innovation, the Division Technique helps break structural fixedness and create new, transformational processes.
  • Application innovation: Application innovation occurs when existing products (or services) or technologies are combined in a new way to produce a new product. The humble but ubiquitous sandwich, and also the credit card, are classic examples. The Task Unification Technique forces the innovator to consider ways that existing resources can take on additional jobs, leading to clever new applications.
  • Supply chain innovation: While China has become critical in the global supply chains of foreign companies, supply chains inside China still have much room for improvement. Infrastructure is needed to catch up with the country’s very rapid growth. Here, the Subtraction Technique forces the mind to remove essential elements of a supply chain to help see new opportunities and unique replacements for those elements.
  • Product innovation: China has produced relatively few product innovations that are truly new to the world. But based on extensive experience with incremental innovations, Chinese companies are moving from incremental toward radical innovations. The Attribute Dependency Technique is great for taking exisitng incremental innovations and converting them to “smart” products.
  • Technological innovation: China has yet to produce high-impact technology innovations with global significance. But we have seen examples of minor but world class technology being implemented to create innovations. Here again, the Task Unification Technique is especially effective for taking raw technologies and seeking new and novel uses in a wide variety of domains.
  • Business model innovation: In China, most business model innovation has started by taking a Western model, adapting it to China, then further innovating the adaptation. Although Alibaba.com, for example, copied the eBay platform with its competing service Taobao, it quickly overtook eBay, based on its earlier B2B platform experience and innovations to suit the Chinese customer. To innovate a business model, use the Multiplication Technique. It challenges the innovator to consider key parts of the business model in a whole new light.
  • Non-customer innovation: Non-customer innovation occurs when a business is able to serve a customer segment not previously served in this category elsewhere in the world or in a particular country. The so-called “adjacent market” appears attractive as a new source of growth, but these can be distracting. Consider instead applying most or all of the five techniques of SIT to an adjacent space before diving in.

As the professors noted, Chinese companies are adept at exploiting all of these forms of innovation due to their relentless focus on customers, their search for unmet needs, and remarkable speed. Adding in the use of systematic methods of innovation would take China even further.

Innovation Sighting: Subtraction in Email

The only thing worse than having too many emails is getting very long ones. When I open an email and see a long-winded message followed by a chain of other emails that have to be read as well, I dread it. After all, brevity is a virtue, and I value those emails that are short and efficient.

Now there’s a new app that helps manage the problem, and it is a great example of the Subtraction Technique, one of five in the innovation method, Systematic Inventive Thinking. It’s called “MailTime.” MailTime re-formats and summarizes your mails into a messaging conversation view. It redesigns the way you assign tasks helps you to track information easier.

I downloaded the app, and I love it. Here’s how it works:

Email replies are annoyingly formatted as a series of redundant transcripts, while text messages are nicely displayed as simple back-and-forth conversations. But MailTime makes work and personal email on your smartphone as quick, easy, and fun as sending text messages. MailTime features include:

  • CHAT BUBBLE FORMATTING: Read your email messages in an attractive “chat view,” while also retaining the ability to see the original email thread if desired.
  • ONE CLICK TO-DOS: Quickly assign to-do items for yourself and for others directly from your inbox, plus easily track the status of each pending task.
  • ‘TOO LONG’ EMAIL ALERTS: Just like Twitter prevents you from writing more than 140 characters, MailTime warns you if your email message is too long to be effective (but you can still send it if you want).

To get the most out of the Subtraction technique, you follow five basic steps:

  1. List the product’s or service’s internal components.
  2. Select an essential component and imagine removing it. There are two ways: a. Full Subtraction. The entire component is removed. b. Partial Subtraction. Take one of the features or functions of the component away or diminish it in some way.
  3. Visualize the resulting concept (no matter how strange it seems).
  4. What are the potential benefits, markets, and values? Who would want this new product or service, and why would they find it valuable? If you are trying to solve a specific problem, how can it help address that particular challenge? After you’ve considered the concept “as is” (without that essential component), try replacing the function with something from the Closed World (but not with the original component). You can replace the component with either an internal or external component. What are the potential benefits, markets, and values of the revised concept?
  5. If you decide that this new product or service is valuable, then ask: Is it feasible? Can you actually create these new products? Perform these new services? Why or why not? Is there any way to refine or adapt the idea to make it more viable?

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